PLA filament (Polylactic Acid) is one of the most popular and widely used 3D printing materials today. It’s a bioplastic, a PLA plastic filament made from renewable biomass such as corn starch, sugarcane, or tapioca roots. Because it’s both affordable and easy to use, PLA 3D printer filament is the go-to choice for hobbyists, educators, and professionals across Australia and the world.
In 3D printing, the term PLA filament 3D refers to the spool-ready form of this polymer, used in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) or Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM 3D printing). Its plant-based origin, glossy surface finish, and low printing temperature make PLA 3D filament ideal for prototyping, decorative items, and classroom use.
Origins & Manufacturing of PLA Filament
Raw Materials and Polymerisation
The manufacturing of PLA filaments begins with renewable feedstocks such as corn starch, sugarcane, or tapioca. These materials are processed into dextrose (glucose), fermented into lactic acid, and finally polymerized into high-molecular-weight PLA plastic filament.
This environmentally friendly process gives PLA 3D printing filament its sustainable reputation, making it an eco-conscious alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
Filament Manufacturing
Once the raw polymer is created, manufacturers extrude it into precise 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm strands the standard sizes for filament 3D printer PLA systems. During extrusion, pigments and fillers are added to create variants like:
-
Grey PLA filaments for neutral, professional-looking prototypes.
-
White PLA filaments for crisp, clean prints that can be easily painted.
-
Transparent PLA filaments for light-diffusing or decorative effects.
In addition to pure PLA, modified versions such as PLA+ filament are produced, offering greater strength and heat resistance.
Key Properties of PLA Filament
Mechanical and Thermal Behavior
PLA filaments is praised for its low warping and excellent layer adhesion. The optimal printing temperature usually ranges between 190–220 °C, depending on the brand.
However, the heat resistance of PLA filaments is modest softening typically occurs around 50–60 °C. This makes PLA 3D printer filament less suitable for high-temperature or outdoor applications.
Despite being rigid and dimensionally accurate, 3D filament PLA has limited UV and chemical resistance compared to engineering materials like PETG or ABS.
Environmental & Aesthetic Aspects
The eco-friendly appeal of PLA filament 3D printer materials lies in their renewable origin. While often marketed as biodegradable, it’s important to note that PLA plastic filament only breaks down effectively under industrial composting conditions.
Visually, PLA 3D filament delivers a smooth surface and is available in countless colors and finishes perfect for prototypes, display pieces, and artistic prints.
Pros of PLA Filament
PLA filament is popular for its ease of use, great finish, and eco-friendly background making it a top choice for beginners and professionals alike.
Easy to Print
PLA is extremely beginner-friendly. It doesn’t require a heated bed, warps very little, and adheres easily to most print surfaces. This makes it ideal for reliable, hassle-free printing even on entry-level 3D printers.
Excellent Surface Finish
It produces smooth, glossy prints with sharp details perfect for decorative objects, prototypes, and models where appearance matters most.
Wide Availability
As one of the most widely used PLA 3D printing filaments, it’s available globally in different diameters, colors, and textures. Whether you need grey, white, or transparent filament, there’s always a suitable option.
Low Cost
Compared to many specialty filaments, PLA filament is affordable and consistent. This makes it a practical choice for schools, small workshops, and makers who print regularly.
Eco-friendly Origin
Made from renewable resources like corn starch or sugarcane, PLA plastic filament stands out as an environmentally conscious alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
Cons of PLA Filament
Despite its many advantages, PLA has certain limitations that affect its performance in demanding or outdoor conditions.
Low Heat Resistance
PLA begins to soften around 50–60 °C. Prints left in hot cars, near heat sources, or outdoors may warp or lose their shape.
Limited Durability
PLA’s mechanical strength and UV resistance are modest. It can weaken over time when exposed to sunlight, moisture, or physical stress so it’s not ideal for outdoor tools or mechanical parts.
Brittle Nature
Unlike flexible or engineering-grade filaments, PLA tends to be rigid and can snap easily under pressure. This brittleness limits its use for parts that require bending, impact resistance, or repeated movement.
Choosing the Right PLA Filament
When buying PLA filament Australia brands or from global suppliers, consider the following:
Diameter & Tolerance
Match your printer (1.75 mm or 2.85 mm) and choose tight tolerances for precision.
Brand Reputation
Quality PLA filaments have consistent extrusion and minimal impurities.
Filament Type
Choose between standard PLA, PLA+ filament, or specialty blends like carbon fibre, wood, or metal-infused PLA.
Packaging & Storage
Vacuum-sealed spools with desiccants prevent moisture issues crucial for humid Australian climates.
Colour & Finish
Select grey, white, or transparent PLA filaments based on project aesthetics.
Standard PLA vs. PLA+ Filament
| Property | Standard PLA | PLA+ Filament |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | Moderate | Enhanced |
| Flexibility | Low | Improved |
| Heat Resistance | Average | Better |
| Ease of Use | Excellent | Excellent |
| Ideal Use | Decorative, Prototypes | Functional, Load-bearing |
PLA+ filament retains PLA’s ease of use but introduces additives that boost toughness and temperature tolerance perfect for slightly more demanding applications.
Printing with PLA Filament: Best Practices
-
Nozzle Temperature: 190–220 °C (adjust per brand).
-
Bed Temperature: Optional, but 50–60 °C improves adhesion.
-
Print Speed: 40–60 mm/s works well for PLA filament 3D.
-
Cooling: Active fan cooling enhances overhangs and details.
-
Layer Height: 0.12–0.20 mm for quality; 0.25–0.30 mm for speed.
-
Storage: Keep PLA filament Australia spools in sealed containers with desiccant to prevent moisture damage.
Post-Processing and Finishing
PLA 3D printing filament can be easily sanded, painted, and glued using cyanoacrylate adhesives. For higher strength, prints can be annealed though shrinkage may occur.
Avoid acetone smoothing (effective for ABS but not PLA plastic filament). For display-quality prints, lightly sand and prime before painting.
Common Printing Issues
| Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Stringing or oozing | Lower nozzle temp; adjust retraction. |
| Poor first layer adhesion | Re-level bed, ensure proper heat and cleanliness. |
| Moisture bubbles | Dry PLA filaments before printing. |
| Warping | Use modest bed heat and avoid drafts. |
| Deformation in heat | Avoid leaving PLA 3D filament prints in hot environments. |
Applications of PLA Filament
PLA filament is one of the most versatile 3d printing materials, perfect for aesthetic, educational, and prototype-based projects.
Best Uses of PLA Filement
Rapid Prototyping
PLA is widely used in rapid prototyping because it’s affordable, easy to print, and capable of producing detailed models quickly. Designers and engineers can test shapes and dimensions before moving on to more durable materials.
Education and Learning
In schools and training labs, PLA 3D printer filament is a top choice thanks to its safety and ease of use. It emits minimal odor during printing and works reliably even on basic desktop printers perfect for classroom demonstrations and projects.
Decorative and Artistic Prints
For aesthetic models, figurines, and display items, PLA offers a smooth, glossy surface finish and comes in countless colors and finishes, including grey, transparent, and white PLA filaments. It’s ideal for anyone focusing on visual appeal rather than strength.
Light-Duty Tools and Fixtures
Enhanced versions like PLA+ filament can be used for small jigs, fixtures, and prototypes that don’t face high heat or stress. They offer a bit more toughness while maintaining PLA’s easy printing characteristics.
Where to Avoid Using PLA
Outdoor Environments
PLA degrades over time when exposed to sunlight, UV rays, and moisture. Outdoor parts may lose strength, fade in color, or become brittle.
High-Heat Areas
Because PLA starts to soften around 50–60 °C, it’s not suitable for parts exposed to heat like car interiors, electronics housings, or appliances near heat sources.
Heavy Mechanical Loads
For applications involving pressure, vibration, or frequent movement, PLA 3D filament can crack or break. In such cases, stronger materials like ABS, PETG, or Nylon are better suited.
Why PLA Filament Works Well in Australia
Australia’s 3D printing community favors PLA filament Australia options for good reason:
-
Beginner-Friendly: Great for schools and makerspaces.
-
Stable Indoors: Works well in air-conditioned Australian environments.
-
Affordable & Accessible: Local suppliers offer high-quality 3D filament PLA with minimal import delays.
-
Eco Appeal: Aligns with Australia’s sustainability trends.
-
Climate Awareness: Proper storage (cool, sealed, with desiccant) ensures consistent print performance even in humid or coastal regions.
Future Trends
-
Composite PLA materials with metal, wood, or recycled fillers.
-
Enhanced blends improving thermal stability and strength.
-
Sustainability efforts including recycled PLA 3D printer filament and eco-packaging.
-
Local manufacturing in Australia reducing carbon footprint and improving filament consistency.
FAQs
What causes PLA filament to become brittle?
PLA filament becomes brittle mainly due to moisture absorption and aging. Over time, exposure to air and humidity breaks down the polymer chains, making the filament more fragile and prone to snapping. Always store PLA in a dry, sealed container with desiccant.
What is the strongest PLA filament?
PLA+ (or tough PLA) is generally the strongest type. It’s modified with additives to enhance impact resistance, flexibility, and durability while keeping the easy-printing nature of regular PLA. Some brands also offer carbon-fiber or reinforced PLA blends for extra strength.
How long does PLA need to dry?
If your PLA filament has absorbed moisture, drying it for 4–6 hours at around 45–55°C (113–131°F) in a filament dryer or oven usually restores print quality. Overheating can deform the filament, so controlled drying is important.
PLA filament continues to dominate the 3D printing market for its balance of quality, affordability, and sustainability. Whether you’re printing artistic models, prototypes, or educational tools, PLA 3D printing filament remains the most user-friendly choice.
For Australians, PLA filament Australia offers convenience, local supply, and eco-friendly appeal. From white PLA filaments for smooth finishes to grey PLA filaments for professional designs and transparent PLA filaments for creative effects the options are limitless.
If you’re starting your 3D printing journey or looking to upgrade your materials, investing in high-quality PLA+ filament ensures stronger, more polished results for every project.
For 3D printing projects, quotes and more information visit KAD 3D